History of the Delaware State Police
1920’s
In 1920, the Highway Commission hired the first Traffic Patrol Officer at the request of the Attorney General, to establish what at the time was known as the State Highway Police. The Highway Commission had received multiple complaints about speeding on Philadelphia Pike and wanted to establish a traffic patrol. The topic of forming a State Police organization began as early as 1906, to patrol rural areas and address concerns of lawlessness outside of towns. Concerns from the public grew, especially in the lower part of the state. However, parts of this plan did not come to fruition until January 1, 1920, when the first officer was hired. As highways grew in volume, so did traffic worries, and thus the need for more enforcement. Therefore, additional officers were added from 1920 to 1923. These men served directly under the State Highway Commission.
On January 3, 1923, Governor William Denney addressed the General Assembly, stating, “There has been demand for some years for a state-wide police force. It has never been done because of the expense such force would incur. I see no reason, however, why the duties of the Highway Police should be confined to violations of motor laws. I believe a plan could be worked out that would gradually increase the force, and with it, increased authority, until in a short time we could have a force that would assist greatly in enforcing all the laws of the state.” In response, the Senate drafted such legislation, creating a State Highway Police Department. This was ultimately signed and approved on April 28, 1923, by Governor William Denney.
Initially formed as a motorcycle brigade, Officers wore gray uniforms, like the Pennsylvania State Police. The blouses had a high military-style collar with “DEL” pins on each side. Officers also wore leather “puttees” to protect their shoes and calves, with a silver badge pinned over their hearts and a rounded cap with a hat badge. Those uniforms displayed a “winged wheel” shoulder patch. The winged wheel represented transport, speed and progress, and was widely used throughout the profession at this time.
Headquarters was located on Philadelphia Pike, with Station 2 found 1 mile north of State Road on DuPont Highway outside New Castle and Station 4 found 1 mile north of Georgetown on DuPont Highway. Under the first civilian Superintendent, C. Douglass Buck, Pennsylvania State Police Captain August Ahlquist was temporarily transferred to Delaware. Captain Ahlquist was tasked with reorganizing the force and introducing standardized training to the State Highway Police.
The first Troop was headquartered in an old construction shack on Philadelphia Pike at Bellevue, which served as both a Station and Headquarters. Fourteen men worked 12-hour shifts, seven days a week, patrolling the entire state from this location. A state patrol tour would start with the northernmost area’s postmaster’s stamp on the daily sheet. Officers would stop at all the post offices through all three counties until they reached the Delaware-Maryland line, then make the return trip.
In 1924, a flag system was adopted as a significant step toward reducing the time it took the public to make a report. Multiple gas stations were selected throughout the state, and their telephone numbers were published. The attendant would display a red flag in front of the business as a signal that someone wished to see the officer on patrol. This new service resulted in a more clearly defined response time for the public.
Officers patrolled year-round regardless of the season and weather conditions. Several Officers lost their legs in accidents before the use of patrol cars. Between 1924 and 1925, the facilities expanded, spanning the length of the state. Station 1 was at Penny Hill, Station 2 at State Road, Station 3 in Dover, Station 4 in Georgetown and Station 5 in Bridgeville.
In 1925, the first training school for Officers was established at the State Armory in Dover. The training class began with 115 applicants and ended with 15 men ultimately hired as “privates.” Additionally, the State Highway Commission obtained four German shepherds from Europe, to be delivered to each of the stations. While the canines were first known as mascots, they quickly transitioned to police work and guarding the station. While it was not until 1958 that an official Canine Unit would be formed, these dogs served side by side with their counterparts.
In May 1925, the State Highway Police made one noticeable change to the uniform. The high-collar blouse was not well received and became awkward on the motorcycle. Officers would move to an open-collar blouse with a tie. The holster was also moved to the right side for a cross draw.
The early years of the agency coincided with the national Prohibition era (1920 to 1933), which created significant challenges in law enforcement across the U.S., including Delaware. The State Highway Police was tasked with enforcing Prohibition laws, leading to increased activity targeting bootlegging operations and illegal alcohol distribution. Delaware, with its proximity to major cities like Philadelphia and Baltimore, became a hot spot for illegal alcohol trafficking. The State Highway Police faced significant difficulties dealing with organized crime syndicates that exploited the alcohol ban. Officers often clashed with bootleggers and smuggling rings, particularly along the state’s borders. One of the largest raids at that time occurred in 1924, in an incident a local news story titled, “Hail of Bullets Fails to Prevent Dry Agent’s Raid.” Media reports indicated that the officers assisted federal Officers in the seizure of 40 gallons of moonshine that resulted in the exchange of 60 gunshots.
In addition to the challenges posed by Prohibition, the State Highway Police was responsible for policing the rural areas of Delaware, where many local police departments lacked the resources to deal with crime and maintain order. Officers in the State Highway Police were expected to patrol vast areas and respond to various issues, from traffic accidents to incidents of violent crime.
Chalmers C. Reynolds was the first Superintendent of the newly reorganized State Highway Police. The agency was initially a relatively small force, but it quickly grew as the demand for law enforcement increased, particularly during Prohibition. Early State Police Officers were equipped with basic uniforms and badges and often assigned vehicles to patrol the roads. Their equipment was simple compared to later years but allowed them to respond quickly to emergencies, particularly because of the challenges posed by bootleggers.
By the end of the 1920s, the State Highway Police had built a reputation for maintaining order in a rapidly changing social and political environment. While Prohibition would end in 1933, the State Highway Police would continue to grow in the following decades and develop into the modern force it is today.
1930’s
In 1931, an act of the General Assembly officially designated the Traffic Officers of the State Highway Department as “State Police.” This new designation was accompanied by new uniforms. The onus with this change in uniform came because the State Police uniforms closely resembled that of bus drivers and gas station attendants. Other discussions with the Commission stated that the uniforms should change so the “uniform of a State Highway Police Officers can be easily distinguished from City and County Police Officers.” The legislation provided such a standard uniform for the State Police, which was not to be worn or imitated by any person not a member of the State Police.
This legislation called for a winter uniform that consisted of a “blouse, navy blue whipcord with olive drab tabs on sleeves, breeches olive drab with navy blue stripe down each side of same material as blouse, cap of same material as blouse, black shoes and puttees, overcoat and helmet of black leather, revolver belt and holster of black leather.” The summer uniform consisted of a “shirt, navy blue serge, olive drab breeches with blue stripe, cap of navy-blue whipcord material, black shoes and puttees, black leather revolver belt and holster.”
This uniform included the introduction of the iconic “hen and chicks” shoulder patch. The design of this second patch incorporated elements specific to the state: a diamond for the “Diamond State,” three chicks representing Delaware’s three counties and the blue hen. The blue hen, which is the state bird of Delaware, is said to represent the State Police as the “protector” of all three counties.
By 1934, the Delaware State Police had implemented teletype services, linking the agency with law enforcement entities in eight states. This marked a significant milestone, providing faster collaboration with other agencies beyond mail or telephone communication.
In 1935, the State Bureau of Identification was established at the Penny Hill Station, to aid in criminal investigations through advanced identification techniques. The Highway Commission purchased fingerprinting equipment and began training members of the State Police in fingerprinting techniques. By the end of the year, 322 criminal prints were on file. As automobiles became more affordable, DSP added two patrol cars to each Troop by the same year.
At the start of the decade, Officers called their Stations every half-hour to receive assignments from the Desk Officer. By 1936, the first radio communication system was introduced, allowing for more efficient dispatching of complaints. Though strictly one-way communication, it significantly reduced the time between receiving a complaint and dispatching an Officer.
1938 marked the end of motorcycle patrols, a significant shift from the agency’s origins. While some Officers had enjoyed the relative luxury of patrolling with sidecars, patrol cars became the new standard. All patrol cars were equipped with radios that could receive transmissions, further improving response times and coordination in the field.
1940’s
As DSP entered the 1940s, the agency saw great growth and development, establishing its reputation as a leader in statewide law enforcement. In 1940, the Criminal Investigation Division was formed at Headquarters, assigning two plainclothes Detectives to each Troop. A bureau was also established to investigate crashes and recommend solutions for underlying causes.
Technological advancements were central to DSP’s progress during this decade. In 1942, vehicle radios were introduced, enabling two-way transmissions between patrol cars and Stations, significantly improving coordination and response times. By the late 1940s, patrol cars had entirely replaced motorcycles for all but ceremonial purposes.
World War II profoundly impacted DSP, causing a shortage of workforce and materials. To address this, in 1943, the first seven female civilians were hired to assist with administrative and clerical duties. This marked the beginning of civilian employees playing an integral role within the agency. Wartime shortages also led to temporary closures of the Penny Hill and Bridgeville Troops in 1945.
It was during World War II that police agencies across the nation found themselves supplying the war effort with sworn officers from within their ranks. That reality, coupled with the overwhelming fear of an attack on mainland America led to the creation of auxiliary forces nationwide, to include within the Delaware State Police.
A November 1941 news article referenced that the auxiliary police functions “will be the enforcement of emergency restrictions on lighting and prohibitions on trespassing: guarding docks, bridges and factories to prevent sabotage; traffic duty to facilitate the movement of essential vehicles, prevention of looting at partially demolished shops and homes and assistance to air raid protection services before, during and after a raid.” The Auxiliary State Police wore markedly different uniforms and were equipped with batons only.
Due to its proximity to the Eastern Seaboard and locations of strategic importance, DSP was required to focus on securing war-related infrastructure, such as shipyards and factories. The agency collaborated with federal authorities, enforced wartime measures, like rationing, and maintained security for critical installations.
As World War II ended, Delaware experienced economic growth and population expansion. DSP responded by intensifying its efforts to combat crime and maintain public order in a rapidly urbanizing state. This period also marked the agency’s growing professionalism with implementing modern officer training programs.
Uniforms and equipment were also updated during this time. In 1944, the uniform holster was changed from a cross draw to a strong-side draw position for improved efficiency and safety. Additionally, the uniforms were modernized, drawing inspiration from the New York State Police.
A 1944 newspaper article reported that this uniform change was “designed to conform as closely as possible to the state colors, Colonial Blue and Buff, a uniform brighter hued than the present dark blue and khaki uniform.”
A new shoulder patch design was also introduced. The new navy blue and yellow patch maintained the diamond shape but replaced the chicken and hens with simple wording: “DELAWARE STATE POLICE.” This uniform change also included the introduction of a tan Stetson.
1944 saw the renaming of Stations to “Troops” and Officers to “Troopers.” A decision was also made to change to the title of “Trooper” to avoid the terms “Private” and “Officer,” which often caused confusion with military ranks.
In 1946, the Association of Retired Delaware State Police was formed. Since that time, ARDSP members have maintained a strong position of support for active-duty personnel.
By 1947, Troops 1 and 5 reopened, as personnel shortages eased after the war. That year, accident investigation teams were created at each Troop, equipped with flares and first aid kits. These teams laid the groundwork for the agency’s focus on road safety.
In 1948, the inventor of the Intoximeter trained each Trooper to use the device, allowing all personnel to measure a driver’s blood alcohol content from a breath sample for the first time. Troopers received eight hours of training and tested the device for the first time on New Year’s Eve.
To address the need for youth outreach, the Delaware Association of Chiefs of Police leased 12 acres of land in 1948, establishing Camp Barnes, named in honor of Colonel Herbert Barnes. This summer camp ultimately came under the sole purview of DSP and became an enduring program focused on supporting and engaging Delaware’s youth.
By 1949, a single Trooper was assigned as Executive Security for the Governor, marking a new era in specialized protection duties. Other specialized roles came into existence during the decade to include the addition of a professional sketch artist to assist with investigations. Additionally, advancements, such as the advent of equipping patrol vehicles with stretchers, served to revolutionize the way Troopers provided lifesaving measures — the precursor to the modern-day Aviation Section.
1950’s
In the early years of the 1950s, DSP concentrated on highway patrol, criminal investigations and supporting local law enforcement in smaller towns and rural areas. As Delaware’s population and automobile traffic increased, DSP took on expanded responsibilities. To meet these challenges, DSP increased its authorized strength to 120 Troopers.
In 1950, a pistol range south of New Castle was opened, featuring 16 mobile electric targets, enhancing firearm training for Troopers. The following year, in 1951, DSP introduced the polygraph examination as an investigative tool, marking a significant step forward in modern investigative techniques.
1950 also marked the opening of the Delaware Memorial Bridge, as well as a temporary Troop 2 known as “The Ferry Boat,” which was located at the interchange of U.S. Routes 13 and 40. Both structures reflected the postwar boom in infrastructure growth and traffic flow through the state.
Advancements in technology continued to shape DSP operations. In 1952, RADAR was first used for traffic enforcement, providing a more accurate monitoring of vehicle speeds. Dive training was also introduced, preparing Troopers to respond to water-related emergencies and investigations.
Traffic enforcement became a significant focus during the decade, as Delaware grappled with increasing vehicle ownership and rising highway fatalities. The DSP made history by conducting the first “air-to-ground” traffic arrest, using an airplane to monitor vehicle speeds. Patrol vehicles were upgraded for better mobility, and unmarked cars were introduced for traffic law enforcement, further enhancing public safety.
Infrastructure development was a highlight of the decade. On July 17, 1957, the cornerstone for a new Headquarters in Dover was laid, and by 1958, Headquarters officially relocated from State Road in New Castle to Dover. This move consolidated operations and provided DSP with a modernized complex. Sworn staffing also increased significantly during this time, growing the authorized strength to 250 Troopers to meet the needs of the expanding population and responsibilities.
Troop 4A, later known as Troop 7, opened during this decade, marking the first significant expansion of DSP facilities since 1925. Recognizing the importance of thwarting juvenile delinquency, the Youth Division was created to address youth-related crimes and increase engagement with the community.
In 1955, in response to the line-of-duty death of William F. Mayer, Colonel Harry S. Shew appointed two clergymen to the rank of captain, and both men were issued official State Police uniforms, marking the first appointment of Chaplains. Such appointments were approved by the State Highway Commission to support official functions, while working to promote the “moral and religious aspect in the life of a man who ventures upon public service.”
By the end of 1957, DSP saw noteworthy changes in uniforms and insignia. Colonel Shew approved a new, seven-color shoulder patch, based on the Great Seal of the State of Delaware. Additionally, the felt Stetson was replaced with a straw hat.
1960’s
The 1960s were a pivotal decade for DSP. Early in the decade, every Troop was assigned a Canine Team, reinforcing the DSP’s capabilities in tracking and detection. By 1961, the vehicle fleet included 86 unmarked and six marked patrol cars, and new facilities were completed for Troops 1, 4 and 5, enhancing statewide operations.
Infrastructure expansion continued in 1964, with the opening of Troop 2A on Kirkwood Highway. The Troop provided 24-hour patrol service to better serve the public. A Turnpike Troop was established at the south end of I-95, marking another step toward improved statewide coverage.
As Delaware’s population grew, so did DSP. By 1968, the agency’s authorized strength had increased to 400 troopers. The Property and Supply Section, which is integral to supporting DSP, began operating out of a small room at Headquarters. That same year, DSP embraced early computer technology, allowing for more efficient checks of vehicles and driver’s licenses, as well as access to a national index of wanted persons and stolen property.
The social and political changes of the 1960s also significantly impacted DSP. In 1968, following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., civil unrest erupted in Wilmington. DSP and Delaware National Guard personnel were deployed to maintain order, quelling rioting, burning and looting. This joint presence remained in Wilmington until January 1969.
In 1969, DSP reached several notable milestones. On January 20, 1969, DSP hired the agency’s first African American Trooper, which was a landmark moment in its history. That same year, Delaware became the first state in the nation to implement the 911 emergency system, further enhancing public safety.
DSP also underwent internal and operational reforms. Troop numbers were revised, with Troop 2A becoming Troop 6, Troop 4A becoming Troop 7 and the Turnpike Troop being designated as Troop 8. In addition, DSP became the first police agency in Delaware to implement a department-wide, self-imposed code of ethics and joined the National Crime Information Center to improve information sharing and investigative efficiency.
Significant advancements in traffic safety were also made in 1969. The blood alcohol concentration required for a DUI arrest was reduced from 0.15% to 0.10%, and the implied consent law was enacted, requiring DUI suspects to submit to sobriety testing or face the loss of driving privileges.
DSP closed out the decade with the dedication of the Delaware State Police Training Academy, which was built on the Headquarters complex in Dover. The Training Academy, to this day, serves as the only residential training academy in the state and serves all Recruit Troopers, as well as municipal Recruits from throughout the state.
1970’s
In 1970, the DSP Aviation Section was officially formed with the help of a grant from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. DSP acquired a 1971 Bell Helicopter 206-B Jet Ranger, and five Troopers underwent helicopter training in New Jersey. The Aviation Section’s first mission saved three men adrift in the Delaware Bay in 1971, highlighting the unit’s immediate impact on public safety. By 1978, the Aviation Section added a second helicopter, a military surplus “Huey” UH-1, further enhancing its capabilities.
During summer 1970, five troopers completed a four-week course at the U.S. Naval School of Diving and Salvage, located at the Washington Navy Yard. This was the first step to beginning a State Police Diving Unit, presently called the Underwater Recovery Team. After completing training, these troopers received equipment and established a training schedule.
1970 also saw the renovation of Troop 7 for year-round, 24-hour operations. Creating a full-time Drug Unit and implementing teleserve reporting for minor crimes signified advancements in specialized law enforcement and streamlined reporting. The Delaware Department of Public Safety was also established, which oversaw multiple Divisions, namely the Division of State Police.
Troop 6 at Prices Corner was completed in 1970, at the corner of Kirkwood Highway and Albertson Drive. The Auto Theft Unit and SWAT Team (presently referred to as the Special Operations Response Team) were formed. The SWAT Team was equipped with semiautomatic rifles and M-16s, reflecting the Division’s commitment to preparedness in high-risk situations.
The Intelligence Unit was also created in 1972, solidifying the Division’s focus on data-driven law enforcement strategies.
The Division continued its efforts to engage with the community, hosting its first Trooper Youth Week at the Training Academy in 1973 and introducing “Trooper Dan,” a white 1971 Volkswagen Beetle modeled after Herbie the Love Bug, in 1974. Trooper Dan served as an educational tool for children, fostering positive relationships between law enforcement and Delaware’s youth.
In 1973, five African American Recruit Troopers graduated from the first combined state, county and municipal academy class, increasing the diversity of the Division. That same year, Troop 9 opened in Odessa at the intersection of U.S. Route 13 and Main Street.
1973 also served as the 50th anniversary of the Delaware State Police and among the most enduring images to be born of that celebration was the “Trooper Head.” The Trooper Head logo with the inscription “DEDICATED TO THOSE WHO GAVE THEIR LIVES FOR PUBLIC SAFETY” has symbolized the Division for over a half-century.
In 1974, Troop 3 opened between Camden and Woodside on U.S. Route 13A. A monument honoring fallen Troopers was erected on the grounds of the Training Academy. This year also saw the introduction of the Evidence Units, which were accompanied by the employment of three evidence collection vans.
The Division made history in 1976, when the first two female Troopers graduated from the Training Academy, breaking barriers and setting a precedent for gender inclusion within the Division.
1976 also marked the physical closure of Troop 8, though the number identifier was later used by the Special Investigations Unit for case-tracking purposes.
The Honor Guard Unit was formed in the 1970s in response to the realization that a cadre of Troopers trained to operate in specific ceremonial disciplines was needed. The Unit served to represent the Delaware State Police at ceremonial events, such as funerals for fallen Officers, memorial services and official state functions. In doing so, the Honor Guard Unit served as the forward-face of the Division in many respects.
1980’s
In 1980, the Division introduced 12 weeks of field training to complement academy instruction, emphasizing practical, on-the-job learning for new Troopers. Retirement policies also changed, allowing Troopers to serve until age 55 instead of being subject to mandatory retirement after 20 years. The new retirement plan offered 62.5% of the base salary after 25 years of service. Additionally, the Career Development Program was launched, fostering professional growth and leadership within the agency.
In 1984, Troop 7 was completed on Del. Route 1, south of Five Points, providing enhanced service to the area. By 1985, the Trooper Medic Program was introduced, and each county established its own Fatal Accident Investigation and Reconstruction Team, which later came to be known as the Collision Reconstruction Unit. The purpose of FAIR, and later CRU, was to investigate all fatal motor vehicle collisions, as well as serious Divisional collisions.
In 1986, the Division’s diversity profile grew yet again with the hiring of the agency’s first female African American Troopers.
1986 also brought about the advent of the semiautomatic firearm as the primary weapons system for Troopers. The Smith & Wesson 9mm semiautomatic handgun replaced the .357 revolvers Troopers had carried for many years.
And, in 1988, the General Assembly once again authorized an increase in the Division’s sworn compliment, boosting authorized strength to 500 Troopers.
During this decade, the Division focused on leveraging technology to improve law enforcement practices. The Automated Fingerprint Identification System acquisition revolutionized suspect identification and apprehension. Patrol vehicles began to be fitted with mobile data terminals, improving communication and field operations.
Despite continued technological advancements, community engagement efforts continued to remain a priority. In 1987, the Division initiated the Law Enforcement Torch Run fundraiser for Special Olympics Delaware, which became a cherished tradition.
The Victim Services Unit, created in 1988, established a toll-free hotline and became the first statewide victim services program in the nation. Victim Service personnel, offering counseling and aiding survivors of violent crime, created a milestone in the Division’s commitment to compassionate policing and supporting crime victims.
Members of the Division also devoted time and energy into programs like D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse and Resistance Education), as the crack cocaine epidemic changed the complexion of the decade. Divisional leadership realized that outreach and education were necessary to balance the intense criminal enforcement that the epidemic created.
The Division’s efforts to professionalize the force culminated in 1988, when it became the first law enforcement agency in Delaware accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies. This accreditation underscored the agency’s adherence to national standards of excellence.
In 1989, the Division created the Homicide Unit. Prior to the creation of this statewide unit, homicides were investigated by members of the Criminal Investigations Units in each county. In addition to the responsibility for investigation of all homicides, the unit was also tasked with assuming the primary investigative responsibility for all Trooper-involved shooting incidents.
The decade was closed out with the establishment of the Delaware State Troopers Association in 1989. This occurred after the majority of the DSP membership in the State Lodge F.O.P. voted to leave the F.O.P. Over the course of the next several years, a new DSTA Hall was erected in Cheswold.
1990’s
In 1990, Troop 4 in Georgetown became fully operational, expanding the Division’s profile in Sussex County.
That same year, the Division erected a new granite memorial in front of the Training Academy to honor all fallen Delaware State Troopers. This memorial has, since that time, served as the focal point of annual memorial services honoring our fallen heroes.
In 1991, the Division created the part-time Tactical Control Unit to manage crowd control and support large-scale operations. The Conflict Management Team was also established, providing critical crisis response services during high-pressure situations. These specialized units addressed emerging challenges and enhanced the Division’s operational capabilities.
In 1992, the Division took significant steps in adopting technology to enhance its investigative work. The fatal collision investigators became the first on the East Coast to employ computers and modern surveying equipment for measuring and diagramming fatal and serious crashes. Additionally, the Division partnered with the Delaware National Guard to pioneer the use of IONSCAN equipment, which could detect microscopic narcotic residues, a critical asset in combating drug crimes. The opening of the Crime Lab this year further bolstered the Division’s investigative capabilities, with experts specializing in chemical analysis, questioned document analysis and forensic photography.
The mid-1990s saw continued technological advancements. The Division started a Computer Support Section focused on supporting the Division’s technology needs through computer advancement. A short time later, the section was named Information Support Services, and several years later, it changed its name again to DSP Information Technology (DSP IT). In-car video cameras were installed in patrol cars to improve DUI evidence collection and officer accountability. This year also marked the launch of the School Resource Officer Program at Troops 2 and 3, fostering better relationships among law enforcement, school employees and students.
1995 marked the first year that the Homicide Unit hosted its annual Homicide Conference. This conference assembles subject matter experts from across the country and serves as one of the nation’s preeminent homicide conferences.
The late 1990s saw accelerated progress across various fronts. In 1997, federal Crime Bill grants supported the installation of mobile data computers, printers and GPS in 115 patrol vehicles. That year, a temporary computer training classroom was established at the Training Academy, with over 200 employees trained on emerging technology. Administrative processes began transitioning from handwritten and manual reporting to fully computerized systems, streamlining workflows and reducing redundancy.
In 1998, the Division achieved several milestones. The most significant perhaps was the celebration of 75 years of service. To coincide with the Division’s 75th anniversary, the Delaware State Police Museum opened its doors on the Headquarters complex, quickly earning a reputation as one of the nation’s finest police museums.
The indoor firearms training facility also opened in 1998, providing Troopers with a state-of-the-art environment for skills development. The move to this new facility assisted with the transition from the Smith & Wesson 9mm handgun to the SigArms P229, a .357 caliber weapon.
The Computer Crimes Unit, launched under the Criminal Intelligence Unit, tripled forensic computer examinations and collaborated with the FBI and other agencies on counterterrorism efforts. The Cadet Program was also established, allowing Delaware college students ages 18 to 21 to gain hands-on law enforcement experience.
By the decade’s end, the Division had seen its first female Troop Commander, the introduction of scenario-based training through simunitions, expansion of Camp Barnes and the establishment of the Governor’s Task Force, which paired Troopers and Probation and Parole Officers together to focus on addressing high-risk offenders and monitoring active probationers.
2000’s
At the outset of the new millennium, the Division continued to experience change and growth with the promotion of the first African American to Troop Commander and a short time later to Major, joining the Executive Staff. The Aviation Section expanded its fleet with the addition of a Bell 407 helicopter, enabling the unit to handle unique missions.
In 2001, the Division piloted several initiatives to enhance efficiency and safety, which included Troop 3 testing a 12-hour work schedule for uniformed personnel, aimed at improving operational flexibility and shift coverage.
Lifesaving automatic emergency defibrillators were added to the standard equipment issued to all Troopers, reflecting the Division’s commitment to public safety. Additionally, the High Technology Crimes Unit was formally integrated into the Division’s organizational structure, addressing the growing threat of cybercrime.
On February 6, 2001, the Division, for first time in the new millennium, faced tragedy, when Corporal Frances M. Collender became the 21st Delaware State Trooper to die in the line of duty. While assisting a disabled motorist on Del. Route 1, after her tour of duty had concluded, Corporal Collender was struck and killed by a passing motorist.
On September 11, 2001, as our nation suffered the worst terrorist attack ever experienced on American soil, the Victim Services Unit joined in supporting those in New Jersey and New York who lost loved ones. Victim Services Advocates worked side-by-side with volunteers from other states, escorting family members to “Ground Zero.”
2002 marked the debut of the Pipes and Drums as a compliment to the Honor Guard Unit. The unit performed for the first time at the graduation ceremony of the 73rd DSP and 58th Municipal Recruit Class. The band made its public debut at the Wilmington St. Patrick’s Day Parade in 2003.
The Aviation Section continued its evolution, hosting the annual Airborne Law Enforcement Association Seminar, which attracted over 250 officers from the United States and Canada. Four Troopers were also certified as tactical paramedics to support further tactical operations, a critical addition to the Division’s response capabilities.
In 2003, traffic congestion along Del. Route 1 in Sussex County led to the reintroduction of a three-member Motorcycle Unit. The utilization of motorcycles for daily enforcement had not occurred in several decades. This unit employed Harley-Davidson motorcycles funded by a Criminal Justice Council Local Law Enforcement Block Grant. This unit enhanced response times to traffic crashes and demonstrated DSP’s adaptability to changing needs.
2003 also saw the completion of the new Troop 2 facility in Glasgow. This 53,000-square-foot building replaced Troop 2 State Road and led to a significant shift in the jurisdictional boundaries of Troops 6 and 9.
The First State Fugitive Task Force, a collaboration between the Division, the U.S. Marshals Service and local law enforcement agencies, was also established to strengthen fugitive apprehension efforts in 2003.
The Aviation Section expanded further in 2004, with the addition of six Troopers with the goal of providing 24-hour coverage. The unit partnered with the U.S. Coast Guard for antiterrorism patrols and the Drug Enforcement Agency for marijuana eradication efforts, earning national recognition from the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
Meanwhile, the Crime Lab modernized its operations, introducing digital photography as an evidence collection technique and updating its standard operating procedures to improve efficiency.
On July 18, 2004, the Division once again experienced great loss, when Corporal Christopher M. Shea was killed in a head-on motor vehicle collision on Del. Route 1, just south of Milford. Corporal Shea had just celebrated his four-year anniversary with the Division two days prior and was completing a mental patient transport at the time of the collision.
In 2005, the Delaware Information Analysis Center was established, becoming a vital hub for intelligence gathering and dissemination. The DIAC, Delaware’s first and only fusion center, served to coordinate efforts between local, state and federal agencies. By sharing and collaborating with both public and private stakeholders, DIAC greatly enhances homeland security efforts.
The Communications Section activated a new mobile command center, responding to 50 events that year. It also implemented significant initiatives designed to enhance 911 call accuracy, particularly in Sussex County, and added a volunteer position to flag phone records for individuals with disabilities.
The Explosive Ordnance Disposal Unit expanded its capabilities by acquiring two state-of-the-art robots equipped with surveillance cameras, air-quality sensors and tools for navigating challenging environments, such as opening doors or climbing stairs. The Crime Lab also made strides in processing evidence, moving away from reliance on third-party film development services, like Ritz Camera, and adopting in-house digital solutions.
2005 also marked the second time the Division was named the “best-dressed state law enforcement agency” in the nation. This recognition by the National Association of Uniform Manufacturers served to reinforce the pride Delaware Troopers take in their uniform appearance.
By 2007, the Division had firmly established itself as a leader in innovation and training. The Leadership in Police Organizations program was introduced, making DSP the first State Police agency in the United States to implement this comprehensive three-week leadership development program, following 15 years of research by the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
That same year, the Diversity Council was formed to address equity issues within the agency, ensuring a more inclusive environment for all employees. Technological advancements included the implementation of the Integrated Ballistic Information System, which enhanced the Forensic Firearms Services Unit’s ability to analyze ballistic evidence, contributing to the resolution of numerous homicide cases.
In 2008, the Division introduced the Bell 412 helicopter, expanding the Aviation Section’s mission capabilities to include hoist rescues and tactical paramedic support. The joint tactical paramedic program with the Wilmington Police Department began, providing critical medical assistance during tactical operations. Aviation personnel also became certified as hoist rescue specialists, training firefighters as force multipliers in emergency response scenarios.
2010’s
In 2010, DSP IT initiated the transition from analog (VHS) in-car video systems to digital versions (Coban). This allowed the Division to digitally share video footage with the Department of Justice. This advancement increased the DSP IT’s responsibility because they took the support responsibility from the Traffic Section.
In 2011, upon the realization that the Ford Motor Co. was no longer going to produce the Crown Victoria, the Division was faced with identifying its next vehicle platform. In response, a multitude of vehicles were tested, to include the Dodge Charger, the Dodge Durango, the Chevrolet Caprice, the Chevrolet Tahoe and the Ford Explorer. Ultimately, after much consideration, the Chevrolet Tahoe was chosen as the primary platform to be used for the patrol fleet.
In 2011, the Division expanded its specialized units by forming a full-time Maritime Unit. Funded by a federal grant, it enhanced homeland security efforts along Delaware’s coastal areas and ports. The Maritime Unit’s creation followed a significant focus on diversifying the Division’s operational strategy to address specific local needs and emerging threats.
In this same year, the Division implemented several vital programs aimed at preparing Troopers for the complexities of modern policing. This included the first-ever school focused on tactical operations that was completely instructed by the SORT Team. It trained 10 Troopers and personnel from other local law enforcement agencies. The school aimed to build capacity in managing high-risk incidents involving hostage situations, active shooters and dangerous suspects.
Also in 2011, the Divisional mourning pin was designed and produced. Since the inception of the State Police, Delaware Troopers have never covered their badges with mourning shrouds, as is the custom of many law enforcement agencies. The mourning pins are worn for the entirety of the month of May and for all memorial and funeral services. When worn, no other individual award ribbons or unit insignia are worn, as this pin alone signifies the collective sense of reverent reflection of all.
One of the most notable additions to the Division was the establishment of the Mounted Patrol Unit in 2012. The unit initially operated with privately owned horses at minimal cost to the Division. The MPU quickly demonstrated versatility by playing key roles in crowd control, terrain searches and community events. It debuted at the Delaware State Fair in 2012 and expanded its operations in subsequent years. In 2013, it was officially classified as a stand-alone special operations unit, contributing significantly to the Division’s capability to manage large public gatherings and provide unique assistance during criminal investigations. By 2014, the Mounted Patrol Unit was utilized in crowd control operations during events like the Firefly Music Festival.
In 2012, the state saw an alarming rise in the production of methamphetamine. Troop 3 initiated collaborative efforts with the DEA to train Troopers and other local law enforcement agencies on the specialized techniques needed to handle methamphetamine production sites safely.
The Division also introduced a Class C uniform explicitly designed for extreme weather conditions, as well as for everyday wear for special units such as Canine, the Maritime Unit and the Commercial Motor Vehicle Enforcement Unit. The Division also returned to the issuance of the iconic straw campaign hat, worn during the spring, summer and fall seasons, bringing a nostalgic element back to the traditional look of DSP Troopers that had been absent for several decades.
On January 1, 2013, Troop 9 assumed primary jurisdictional responsibility for the top third of Kent County following a major Troop boundary realignment. The change was primarily focused on alleviating the tremendous strain placed upon Troop 3 serving the entirety of Kent County. As a result of the change Troop 9 is the only Troop in the state to have jurisdictional responsibility spread across two counties.
By 2013, most personnel were issued conducted electrical weapons. The Division had first piloted such CEW devices with the utilization the Axon TASER. During this era, equipment such as ballistic shields and less lethal weapons platforms were being tested and used throughout the state.
2013 also served as the first year that the Honor Guard Unit hosted the Sgt. Rodney H. Bond #448 National Honor Guard Conference. The conference, named in honor of one of the unit’s most accomplished and beloved members, is held in odd-numbered years at the DSTA Hall. The conference has drawn State Troopers from across the country and focuses on the many disciplines related to ceremonial matters.
In 2014, the Division acquired two state-of-the-art Bell twin-engine 429 helicopters. These helicopters were faster and had a larger capacity for patient transport, search-and-rescue operations and crime scene mapping than previous ships. They represented a significant leap in DSP’s aerial capabilities, assisting in day-to-day law enforcement activities and more specialized missions.
2014 also marked an expansion in the scope of the Explosive Ordnance Disposal team. Already known for its longstanding work in the State, the EOD team expanded its focus to include assistance with drug and weapons trafficking investigations and hostage situations, providing explosive entry when necessary.
In 2015, the Division refocused its efforts to respond to crime and traffic problems using evidence-based strategies and to increase accountability for how personnel responded to those issues through all ranks of the agency. The Stratified Policing Model was selected and became locally known as SPEAR (State Police Enhanced Analytical Response).
Again matching technological advancements with personnel-based efforts, the Division invested in a newly formed Community Engagement Unit under the Office of Strategic Development (formerly the Planning Section). The focus of CEU was on building trust throughout the state’s business and residential communities. CEU was tasked with organizing groups like the Kent County Advisory Board.
In 2015, Troop 3 was relocated from Upper King Road to South State Street with the construction of a new 31,000-square-foot building. Additionally, 2015 saw the implementation of the first Violent Intruder Preparedness and Response Program, a presentation designed to expose both public- and private-sector partners to the realities of an active-threat scenario. The Division also mandated Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training for all sworn personnel, ensuring that Troopers are equipped to handle active-threat situations. The ALERRT principals have been adopted nationally to provide a standardized response.
By 2016, the Division made several technological upgrades, including deploying mobile computer-aided dispatch systems in all patrol vehicles. This allowed Troopers real-time access to dispatch information, significantly improving operational efficiency. The Division also expanded its communications infrastructure, including a virtual desktop interface and the ability to converse virtually.
To address the opioid crisis, the Division introduced the use of naloxone (Narcan) for Troopers to reverse opioid overdoses, initially equipping two Troopers per shift in 2016. By 2018, Narcan was distributed to all patrol personnel.
2016 also saw the inception of the Honorary Commander Program, which provides each Troop and Section an opportunity to identify members of the community deserving of recognition. Those chosen to serve as Honorary Commanders are availed opportunities, throughout their year of service in this role, to experience many aspects of the Division, with the goal of making them lifelong DSP advocates.
In 2017, the Division saw another first, when the first African American female achieved the rank of lieutenant. That year also marked the appointment of Colonel Nathaniel McQueen Jr. as the first African American Superintendent of the Delaware State Police.
In 2017, the Division expanded its ability to be impactful in 21st-century policing by opening the Real-Time Crime Center. The RTCC’s mission was to focus on crime and traffic analysis to support Troop administrations throughout the state. This unit provides avenues for Troop administrations to implement evidence-based policing strategies to respond to varying crime and traffic problems throughout the state.
That same year, Delaware was among the first states in the U.S. to legalize single-game sports betting. The Division of Gaming Enforcement was tasked with overseeing the regulation of these activities, ensuring that state laws were upheld and that operators were following regulations. DGE was structured to include Troopers, Agents from Delaware Alcohol and Tobacco Enforcement, and civilian staff, to conduct criminal, regulatory and background investigations.
On April 26, 2017, Corporal/1 Stephen J. Ballard was shot and killed in the parking lot of a Wawa convenience store at the intersection of Pulaski Highway and Salem Church Road. While investigating a suspicious vehicle, Corporal/1 Ballard was ambushed. Despite efforts to combat the attack, he was brutally murdered. Corporal/1 Ballard’s murder marked the first felonious line-of-duty death experienced by the DSP since 1972.
Continuing its focus on technological integration, the Division also began utilizing automatic license plate readers in 2018. This innovation allowed for the efficient analysis of license plates from both stationary and mobile platforms. Installing virtual weigh stations on Delaware’s highways further strengthened the enforcement of commercial vehicle regulations. The Division partnered with the Delaware Department of Transportation to ensure that trucks operating within the state complied with safety standards.
In 2019, a new Troop 7 was opened on Mulberry Knoll Road, just north of Del. Route 24 in Lewes. The new 24,000-square-foot facility replaced the modular building that had stood for decades.
2019 also saw a significant expansion of SORT, as the team grew to encompass 10 full-time Troopers. This increase was largely in response to several incidents in 2017 that elevated the importance of having a team better equipped and unobstructed from making a quick response to a critical incident. This period also saw the addition of armored equipment to the team’s assets.
2020 – 2023
The roaring ’20s started with significant challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A public health emergency was declared that remained in place for over a year. That reality drastically changed the manner in which most services were delivered by the Division. From the manner in which Troopers responded to complaints to the services provided at the State Bureau of Identification to the assistance provided to entities like the Department of Health and Social Services, Divisional personnel met all challenges they encountered.
As the Division navigated the pandemic, national civil unrest was afoot and found its way to Delaware. In May 2020, multiple protests erupted across the state, and Divisional personnel were called into service. During one such instance, Troopers stood shoulder-to-shoulder across the front of the Headquarters complex, as several hundred protesters blocked traffic flow on U.S. Route 13 and threw rocks and other objects at Divisional personnel.
While the Headquarters complex was successfully protected that night, and very few injuries were documented, several nights later, vandals defaced the Delaware State Police Memorial, as well as the statewide Law Enforcement Memorial located at Legislative Mall in Dover. Fortunately, both memorials were repaired and shine just as brightly as they did before these incidents.
On July 13, 2020, a historic Change of Command Ceremony occurred at the Delaware State Police Museum. Colonel Melissa A. Zebley was sworn in as the first female Superintendent in the agency’s history.
In addition to the leadership transition, the Division’s commitment to innovation was reflected in plans to implement body-worn cameras for Troopers, funded by the Governor and General Assembly in 2021. The cameras were initially issued to Troopers assigned to uniformed patrol, those assigned to the Governor’s Task Force, the School Resource Officer Program, the Commercial Vehicle Enforcement Unit and the Collision Reconstruction Unit.
By developing a partnership among the Division of State Police, the Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health and the Delaware Department of Justice, a comprehensive Police Diversion Program was established. Beginning at Troop 7 and extending throughout the state, DSAMH care managers and peers were physically located at every Troop to assist Troopers in diverting subjects from traditional arrests to appropriate treatment providers and treatment plans. Governor John Carney awarded the PDP Leadership Team with the Governor’s Team Excellence Award (GEAR) in 2021.
During the presidency of Joseph Biden Jr., the Division played a crucial role in supporting his term. As a longtime resident of Delaware, Biden’s presidency required significant law enforcement coordination. The Division maintained security at private residences in Wilmington and Rehoboth Beach.
In 2021, the Division also relocated the State Bureau of Identification, the Intelligence Section, the Division of Gaming Enforcement, the Office of Professional Responsibility and the Homicide Unit from various locations to a new facility located at 600 S. Bay Road in Dover.
In 2022, due to staffing shortages in our Communications Centers, the Division merged Recom (New Castle County) and Kentcom (Kent County) personnel at the Kent Communications Center. Recognizing their vital importance, the merger allowed the Division to ensure limited staffing shortages for both centers. As a result, the Division staffed Communications personnel at Headquarters Communication, Sussex Communication, and Kent Communication Centers.
In 2022, DSP IT began to upgrade our in-car cameras to Axon. Additionally, body-worn cameras were purchased to start outfitting the Division’s patrol personnel. These upgrades and advancements increased the workload of DSP IT. This resulted in the creation of Digital Evidence Technician positions within DSP IT.
The Delaware State Police played the lead role in providing security for the PGA BMW Championship Golf Tournament in Wilmington in August 2022. Those responsible for the security posture for this event were able to leverage the Division’s previous successes at events like the Delaware State Fair, the Point-to-Point races at Winterthur, the Firefly Music Festival and the annual NASCAR races at Dover International Speedway.
The decade saw an amplified focus on mental health issues both internally and externally. Troopers throughout the state continued to be trained in Crisis Intervention Training, focused on improving their abilities to manage mental health crisis encounters. The Division developed a Wellness Committee to focus on the resiliency and well-being of its workforce. Their efforts focused on supporting the individual needs of all Divisional personnel by making resources readily available. A wellness application was made available to the entire Division, retirees and their families. The application provides connectivity to reading material, mental health experts, the Chaplaincy Corps and agency peer-to-peer team members.
On May 31, 2023, Troop 6 personnel vacated the site to prepare for its demolition, as plans were made to construct a new building at the same site, with work expected to be completed by the end of 2025.
The Delaware State Police 100th Anniversary: How We Celebrated
The 12th United States police agency to reach its 100th anniversary, the Delaware State Police celebrated a century of service throughout 2023 with many events and commemorative memorabilia. The 100th Anniversary Committee began its work in 2019 with subcommittees focused on multiple special events, uniform and vehicle modifications, merchandising and publications. These committees were staffed by sworn and civilian volunteers, as well as retirees.
Throughout 2023, the anniversary was observed in daily patrol uniforms and vehicles. Every Trooper proudly wore a 100th-anniversary hat badge and accompanying tie tack throughout the year. Troopers also had the option to purchase and wear a 100th-anniversary breast badge during calendar year 2023. Professional staff were issued polo shirts emblazoned with the 100th anniversary logo.
The entirety of the Patrol fleet displayed the distinctive yellow 1923 anniversary license plate on the front of their vehicles and 100th-anniversary decals on the rear windows. In addition to the standard vehicle markings of 2023, seven additional design concepts were placed into the fleet. These included a total of eight vehicles emblazoned with the 100th logo, with one being sent to each Patrol Troop, and six retro designs representing each decade of service through the 1980s.
To compliment the vehicles, a number of retro uniforms were custom-made as was done in conjunction with the Division’s 75th anniversary. While four retro uniforms were produced in 1998, a decision was made to represent more uniforms for the centennial celebration. As such, 16 uniform variations dating back to 1920 were re-created with great detail. These uniforms were worn throughout the year by members of the Honor Guard Unit.
Celebratory banners and doormats with the history of the Delaware State Police uniform patch were also created and displayed in each Troop statewide and throughout the Headquarters complex. A flag depicting the 100th-anniversary logo was flown at every Troop throughout the State and Headquarters before being framed and presented at Legislative Hall in Dover on April 28, 2023, at the 100th Anniversary Tribute. The flag is permanently displayed in the first-floor hallway at Headquarters.
Commissioned by Colonel Zebley, a series of four signed, numbered and limited-edition 100th-anniversary prints were created. The first, a still-life, depicts the current DSP uniform on display in the Headquarters lobby. The second still-life represents the uniform, gear and equipment from the agency’s origins in 1923. The third print depicts Training Academy staff and Recruits during their first weeks at the academy, as they begin the “rite of passage” that is becoming a Delaware State Trooper. The final print, unveiled at the gala, depicts Colonel Zebley standing in front of the DSP memorial with a “mirrored” State Highway Patrolman (Corporal Kyle Campbell) depicted within the granite memorial. The names of all fallen Delaware Troopers frame the image’s perimeter. All four original pieces found permanent homes inside the Delaware State Police Museum.
Multiple commemorative items were created, affording Divisional members and supporters a multitude of ways to support the agency and memorialize the centennial year. Additionally, a 100th-anniversary coin display was created by Retired Lieutenant William E. Bryson to mirror the one presented to Colonel James Ford in 1973 for the 50th anniversary. That display also found a permanent home at the Delaware State Police Museum, along with the coin display from 1973.
Limited-edition weapons were also designed for purchase to commemorate the 100th anniversary, specifically a Smith & Wesson 686 .357 revolver, two versions of the current duty weapon — a Sig Sauer P320 semiauto 9 mm handgun and a Black Rain Ordnance Custom Patriot 223 rifle with a 16-inch barrel and an optional holographic weapon sight.
Past and current personnel participated in each celebratory event — including members of the 100th DSP Recruit Class, who served in supporting roles during many of the functions.
The formal launch for the celebration was held at Legislative Hall in Dover on the agency’s 100th birthdate, April 28, 2023, filling both chambers with several hundred Troopers, legislators, family members and community partners. Upon arrival to Legislative Hall, attendees were greeted by the Mounted Patrol Unit, the Canine Unit and a backdrop of the retro patrol vehicles. Each member of the Executive Staff played a role in the event.
The Honor Guard Unit and Pipes and Drums set the tone with a crisp presentation of the nation’s colors. Complete with narrative, Honor Guard members modeled and unveiled the history of uniform variations spanning the entire century. Multiple dignitaries provided their remarks of congratulations, and Delaware Senate and House of Representatives resolutions were presented. After the heroes’ roll call, dismissal was preceded by a formal salute from all past and present Divisional members.
In addition to the Division’s centennial anniversary, Camp Barnes celebrated its 75th anniversary and the Delaware State Police Museum its 25th anniversary with their own celebratory events.
On June 17, a 100th Anniversary Car Show and Community Showcase was held at the Headquarters complex and Delaware State Police Museum, which drew hundreds of visitors. In addition to unique unit displays, the car show featured historic patrol vehicles.
The weekend of September 16, the Division hosted the Women’s State Police 2023 Charity Softball Tournament at the softball diamonds on Holland Glade Road in Rehoboth Beach. Along with all the ceremonial components at the start of the tournament, Colonel Zebley delivered the first pitch. This regional tournament was specifically held in Delaware given the significance of the centennial and, as anticipated, the DSP women won first place.
The DSTA also hosted the 2023 National Troopers Coalition Picnic at Delaware Seashore State Park, affording the Division another opportunity to showcase the retro vehicle fleet and retro uniforms during the picnic’s opening ceremonies.
On October 14, the 100th Anniversary Gala was held at Bally’s Dover, with 600 people in attendance. Bally’s was transformed into a miniature museum, with great care being exerted to ensure that the venue was decorated with all things DSP-related. This included Trooper statues as the centerpieces at all dining tables. The statues ultimately became unexpected door prizes for several lucky attendees.
Retired Colonel Robert M. Coupe served as the master of ceremonies. The evening included a masterfully produced video that encompassed elements of the Division’s 100 years of history, along with a message from President Biden that brought a moment of levity.
Governor Carney, Secretary of Safety and Homeland Security Nathaniel McQueen Jr. and standing ovation-garnering remarks by Colonel Zebley followed the video presentation. After dinner and during a pause in the dance music, the oldest living Superintendent, Colonel Ford, joined Colonel Zebley, Major Raymond Deputy (Retired) and Ms. Terri Lang (Retired professional staff) in cutting the cake. All guests departed the gala with a special gift bag that included an exclusive gala challenge coin.
The final anniversary event was a 5K sponsored by The Starboard in Dewey Beach on October 29. A total of 402 runners registered for the event, and the weather cleared for an exceptional run. The course was lined with several strategically placed retro vehicles and Troopers in retro uniforms. The finish line was also decorated with 100th-anniversary items. The 100th DSP Recruit Class and staff ran as a single unit, receiving high-fives from the Executive Staff while approaching the finish line.
The Delaware State Police is hugely thankful for all the help from the active and retired members of the Division, as well as the public officials, private citizens and corporations who came together to help us celebrate our 100th anniversary. We are proud of the accomplishments of the Delaware State Police over the past 100 years and look forward to continuing our honorable service to the citizens and visitors of Delaware for centuries to come.
